微流控技術(shù)在法醫DNA快速檢驗方面的應用
中國測試韓俊萍1， 孫 敬2，3， 歐 元2，3， 葉 健2，3， 劉 耀1，2，3， 李彩霞2，3
摘 要：微流控芯片技術(shù)因其微型化、自動(dòng)化、高通量、集成化、快速等優(yōu)勢使得實(shí)驗室研究產(chǎn)生革命性的變化，并在生物化學(xué)、醫學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應用，但目前還沒(méi)有基于微流控芯片技術(shù)的國產(chǎn)全集成自動(dòng)化DNA分析儀。該文總結微流控技術(shù)在DNA提取、PCR擴增、電泳分離等DNA檢驗流程方面的研究現狀與進(jìn)展，尤其是在法醫DNA快速檢驗方面的研究進(jìn)展，同時(shí)介紹國內外全集成式DNA分析的研究狀況。全集成與功能化是目前微流控技術(shù)研究的主流方向。未來(lái)，以微流控芯片為主導的全自動(dòng)、便攜式、集成化的DNA分析系統，將使得法醫DNA檢驗從實(shí)驗室走進(jìn)案件現場(chǎng)甚至日常生活，實(shí)現真正的快速即時(shí)檢驗。
關(guān)鍵詞：微流控芯片技術(shù)；DNA快速檢驗；綜述；全集成
文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-5124（2016）01-0053-08
Application of microfluidics technology in DNA rapid testing of forensic science
HAN Junping1， SUN Jing2，3， OU Yuan2，3， YE Jian2，3， LIU Yao1，2，3， LI Caixia2，3
（1. People’s Public Security University of China，Beijing 100038，China；
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination，Institute of Forensic Science，
Beijing 100038，China；
3. Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics，Institute of Forensic Science，Ministry of Public Security，
Beijing 100038，China）
Abstract: Miniature， automatic and integrated with high throughput and rapid analysis， the microfluidic chip technology has brought revolutionary changes in laboratory experimentation in recent years and has been widely used in many research-based field， such as biochemistry and medicine. However， microfluidics is not yet introduced into home-made totally-integrated automation DNA analyzers. This paper has summarized the applications of microfluidics in DNA rapid testing， including DNA extraction， PCR amplification and electrophoresis separation， especially the advance of forensic DNA rapid detection. In addition， it also discussed the research state of the totally-integrated DNA analysis at home and abroad. Currently， full integration and versatility are the mainstream direction of microfluidic technology research. With the help of this system， rapid and real-time forensic DNA testing will not only be conducted in laboratories， but also at crime scenes and even in everyday lives.
Keywords: microfluidic chip technology； DNA rapid testing； summary； full integration
